Life at Molecular & Cellular Level - SOL Practice

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What is a virus?

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A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism. It consists of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat.

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What are the two main types of nucleic acids found in viruses?

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The two main types of nucleic acids found in viruses are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).

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What is the primary function of a codon in genetics?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid to be added to a growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.

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What is aerobic cellular respiration?

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Aerobic cellular respiration is a process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.

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What is the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration?

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Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the production of ATP.

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What are amino acids?

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Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They contain an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique side chain.

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What are nucleotides?

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Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

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Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and are generally smaller and simpler.

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What is the classification of organisms based on cellular structure?

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Organisms can be classified as prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) or eukaryotes (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) based on their cellular structure.

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What is the function of chlorophyll in plants?

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Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy, primarily from the sun, to facilitate photosynthesis.