AP Biology: Unit 2 Review (CED)

Front

What is endocytosis?

Back

Endocytosis is the process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment by engulfing them in a membrane-bound vesicle. It includes mechanisms like phagocytosis (cell eating) and pinocytosis (cell drinking).

Front

What is exocytosis?

Back

Exocytosis is the process by which cells expel materials from the cytoplasm to the external environment by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

Front

What is a lysosome?

Back

A lysosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

Back

The Golgi complex modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

Where does ATP synthesis occur in photosynthesis?

Back

ATP synthesis occurs in the grana/thylakoid membrane during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Front

What are the light-dependent reactions?

Back

Light-dependent reactions are the first stage of photosynthesis, occurring in the thylakoid membranes, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Front

What is the role of the thylakoid membrane?

Back

The thylakoid membrane houses the components necessary for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, including chlorophyll and electron transport chains.

Front

What is phagocytosis?

Back

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles or cells, forming a phagosome.

Front

What is pinocytosis?

Back

Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs liquid and small particles, forming a vesicle.

Front

What is the stroma?

Back

The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts, where the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur.