Genetics and Probability

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What is genetics?

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Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

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What is a gene?

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A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or function.

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What is an allele?

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An allele is a variant form of a gene that can result in different traits.

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What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

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Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait, while heterozygous means having two different alleles for a trait.

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

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What does it mean for a trait to be dominant?

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A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present.

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What does it mean for a trait to be recessive?

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A recessive trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies of the allele are present.

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What is an inherited trait?

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An inherited trait is a characteristic that is passed from parents to offspring through genes.