Mutations

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation is when one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base pair.

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What are insertion mutations?

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Insertion mutations occur when one or more base pairs are added to the DNA sequence.

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What are deletion mutations?

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Deletion mutations occur when one or more base pairs are removed from the DNA sequence.

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What is a frameshift mutation?

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A frameshift mutation is caused by insertion or deletion mutations that change the reading frame of the genetic code.

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Why are frameshift mutations harmful?

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They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which alters the amino acid sequence.

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What is a chromosomal mutation?

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A chromosomal mutation is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes.

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What is an inversion mutation?

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An inversion mutation occurs when a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome.

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What is translocation in genetics?

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Translocation is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

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What is duplication in genetics?

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Duplication is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA is copied, resulting in multiple copies of that segment.