A polypeptide made of amino acids, that is crucial for cell function and structure, along with building muscles and bone and fighting disease.

Transfer RNA carries the amino acid to the ribosome to build the protein.

Where are codons located?

on the mRNA. It consists of 3 nucleotides

Where is the anticodon located?

located on the tRNA. It consists of 3 nucleotides

building block or monomer of DNA and RNA

Used to find out which amino acid is coded for each mRNA codon

Steps of transcription

1. RNA polymerase unzips the DNA 2. RNA Polymerase attaches nucleotides to the bottom strand, making a mRNA 3. mRNA breaks off and will be used in translation

1. mRNA leaves nucleus and enters the cytoplasm 2. mRNA attaches to a ribosome 3. tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome, lining up its anticodons with mRNA's codons. 4. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a protein (polypeptide).

Gene A section of nucleotides in DNA whose order codes for a certain protein.

A section of nucleotides in DNA whose order codes for a certain protein.

A sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with the complementary codon on mRNA during translation.

DNA change that does not cause a change in the amino acid

Change in DNA that causes the wrong amino acid to be added to the protein.

A DNA mutation that causes a premature STOP codon (the protein will be shorter than normal)

Ribonucleic Acid Single Stranded Ribose Sugar Uracil instead of Thymine

Deoxyribonucleic acid Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Type of nitrogenous base that is only found in RNA and replaces Thymine. It will base pair with Adenine.

DNA is unzipped and a new strand of mRNA is created using the template strand. RNA Polymerase reads the template and adds the correct RNA nucleotides. Occurs in the nucleus.

mRNA enters the ribosome that is found in the cytoplasm. tRNAs transfer amino acids by binding their anti-codons to the corresponding codon of the mRNA. The amino acids bind together to form a chain of the growing protein. Occurs in the cytoplasm.

Messenger RNA. Brings the gene's nucleic acid code to the ribosome so it can be used in the process of making a new protein.

Ribosomal RNA. codes for Ribosomes.

tRNA Transfer RNA. Carries Amino Acids to the ribosome.

Transfer RNA. Carries amino acids to the ribosome. Their anti-codons will complement the mRNA codons.

Organelle in the cytoplasm that links amino acids together to form proteins.

Type of DNA mutation in which one or more nucleotides are deleted. This causes a frameshift mutation.

Type of DNA mutation that is caused by one or more nucleotides being added to the strand. This causes a frameshift mutation.

Type of DNA mutation in which one or more nucleotides are swapped with another. This is a point mutation.

A type of DNA mutation, caused by deletions or insertions of nucleotides, that causes a shift in the codon reading frame.

Biology: Transcription and Translation Flashcards

Student preview

34 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Transcription

Back

Process that makes mRNA using the DNA code

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Translation

Back

Process that makes protein using the mRNA codons

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

mRNA

Back

messenger RNA, that is used to make protein

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

RNA Polymerase

Back

The enzyme used in transcription to unzip the DNA, and make the mRNA

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Ribosome

Back

Organelle used to make proteins

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Nucleus

Back

Contains DNA; where transcription occurs.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Cytoplasm

Back

Fluid and organelles of the cell; where translation occurs

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