Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription and Translation.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is tRNA and its role in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the mRNA codons.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can affect protein synthesis and function.

Front

What are the types of mutations?

Back

Substitution, insertion, and deletion.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.