AP Biology Unit 1 Review

Front

What is a carbohydrate?

Back

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1. They serve as a primary energy source and are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Front

What is the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide?

Back

Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules (e.g., glucose), disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose), and polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen).

Front

What does it mean for a chemical reaction to reach equilibrium?

Back

A chemical reaction reaches equilibrium when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.

Front

What is the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking 10 glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?

Back

C60H102O51. Each dehydration reaction removes a water molecule, reducing the total number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Front

What coefficients balance the equation @@C_6H_{12}O_6 ightarrow ext{ }_{---}C_2H_6O + ext{ }_{---}CO_2@@?

Back

2; 2. This means 2 molecules of ethanol and 2 molecules of carbon dioxide are produced.

Front

Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Back

C2H4 (ethylene) has a double bond between two carbon atoms.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

Define dehydration synthesis. How does it relate to polymers?

Back

Dehydration synthesis is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of water to form a bond between two molecules, commonly used to create polymers from monomers.

Front

What is the significance of functional groups in organic molecules?

Back

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the chemical properties and reactivity of those molecules.

Front

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Back

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats contain one or more double bonds, affecting their physical properties.