Stats Test Review

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What is a convenience sample?

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A convenience sample is a type of non-probability sampling where the sample is taken from a group that is easy to reach. It is often used in surveys and studies where the researcher selects individuals who are readily available.

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What is an observational study?

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An observational study is a type of research method where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables. It is used to gather data in a natural setting.

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How do you calculate a z-score?

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A z-score is calculated using the formula: z = (X - μ) / σ, where X is the value, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations an element is from the mean.

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What is a confounding variable?

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A confounding variable is an outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable. It can lead to erroneous conclusions in an experiment.

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What is a survey in research?

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A survey is a method of collecting data by asking people questions. It can be conducted through questionnaires, interviews, or online forms to gather information about opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

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What is a simple random sample?

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A simple random sample is a sampling method where every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. This method helps to eliminate bias in the selection process.

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What is the difference between an experiment and an observational study?

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An experiment involves manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable, while an observational study involves observing subjects without interference.

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What is a treatment in an experiment?

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A treatment is a specific condition applied to subjects in an experiment. It is the independent variable that researchers manipulate to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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What is a control variable?

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A control variable is a factor that is kept constant throughout an experiment to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

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What is the purpose of random sampling?

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The purpose of random sampling is to ensure that every individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected, which helps to create a representative sample and reduce bias.