Quick 10Q: Cell Communication

Front

What is cell communication?

Back

Cell communication is the process by which cells send and receive signals to coordinate their functions and respond to their environment.

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A ligand is a molecule that binds to a specific receptor on a cell, initiating a signal transduction pathway.

Front

What is a receptor?

Back

A receptor is a protein on the cell surface or inside the cell that binds to a specific ligand, triggering a response.

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

Signal transduction is the process by which a cell converts an external signal into a functional response.

Front

What is a transcription factor?

Back

A transcription factor is a protein that helps regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA.

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A phosphorylation cascade is a series of chemical reactions in a cell where one enzyme activates another by adding a phosphate group.

Front

What is a secondary messenger?

Back

A secondary messenger is a molecule that relays signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What is the difference between paracrine and hormone signaling?

Back

Paracrine signaling involves short-distance communication between cells through extracellular fluid, while hormone signaling involves long-distance communication through the bloodstream.

Front

What role does cAMP play in cell signaling?

Back

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) acts as a secondary messenger that transmits signals from receptors to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

How do cells respond to ligands?

Back

Cells respond to ligands by activating specific receptors, which can lead to changes in gene expression, enzyme activity, or cellular behavior.