Protein Synth EOC Practice Questions

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

Front

What are the main components required for transcription?

Back

The main components required for transcription include DNA, RNA polymerase, and nucleotides (A, U, C, G).

Front

What role does RNA polymerase play in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from the DNA template during transcription.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and mRNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the genetic blueprint, while mRNA is single-stranded and carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for translating the genetic code into a specific sequence of amino acids, which form proteins.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where protein synthesis occurs, facilitating the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the process of translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of codons in mRNA is read by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a protein.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA, while translation is the process of converting mRNA into a protein.