16.2 - Cell Structure Flashcard

Front

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, providing protection and structural support.

Front

What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Front

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as the transport of these molecules.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?

Back

Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as those found in plants, animals, and fungi.

Front

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins.

Front

What is a phospholipid?

Back

A phospholipid is a type of lipid molecule that forms the bilayer of cell membranes, consisting of a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails.

Front

What is the significance of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Front

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

Back

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.

Front

What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both.