AP Biology Central Dogma

Front

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Back

The Central Dogma describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein, outlining the processes of transcription and translation.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA at the ribosome, where the mRNA sequence is read and translated into a polypeptide chain.

Front

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Front

Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Translation occurs at the ribosomes, which can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Front

What role do ribosomes play in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain, linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Back

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis and processing of proteins that are secreted from the cell or sent to the cell membrane.

Front

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

How do muscle cells and nerve cells differ despite having the same DNA?

Back

Muscle cells and nerve cells express different sets of genes, leading to the production of different proteins that determine their structure and function.

Front

What is a polypeptide?

Back

A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.