Biology Fall Semester Review

Front

What is Interphase in the cell cycle?

Back

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle where the cell prepares for division. It consists of three stages: G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (preparation for mitosis).

Front

What occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical sets of chromosomes for the daughter cells.

Front

What is the M phase in the cell cycle?

Back

The M phase, or mitotic phase, is when the cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to form two new cells.

Front

Define cytokinesis.

Back

Cytokinesis is the process that follows mitosis, where the cytoplasm of a parental cell is divided into two daughter cells.

Front

What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Back

Checkpoints are regulatory pathways that ensure the cell cycle progresses correctly, preventing errors such as DNA damage or incomplete replication.

Front

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back

During the G1 phase, the cell grows and synthesizes proteins necessary for DNA replication.

Front

Explain the significance of the G2 phase.

Back

The G2 phase is crucial for preparing the cell for mitosis, ensuring all DNA is replicated and any damage is repaired.

Front

What is apoptosis and its role in the cell cycle?

Back

Apoptosis is programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells, maintaining healthy tissue.

Front

Define chromatin.

Back

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Front

What are sister chromatids?

Back

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome, connected by a centromere, formed during DNA replication.