2023 Fall Final Review (under construction)

Front

What is a nucleic acid?

Back

Nucleic acids are biopolymers essential for all known forms of life. They are made up of nucleotides and include DNA and RNA, which store and transmit genetic information.

Front

What is the ATP/ADP cycle?

Back

The ATP/ADP cycle is a process in which ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a phosphate group, releasing energy. The addition of a phosphate group to ADP regenerates ATP, storing energy.

Front

What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?

Back

The optimum temperature for enzyme activity is the temperature at which an enzyme functions most efficiently. For many enzymes, this is around 37°C (98.6°F), but it can vary; in this case, it is 58°C.

Front

What is an autotroph?

Back

An autotroph is an organism that produces its own food from inorganic substances, typically through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. Examples include plants and some bacteria.

Front

Why would the mouse in jar A die before the mouse in jar C?

Back

The mouse in jar A would die because it cannot make ATP through cellular respiration, which is essential for energy production.

Front

What is cellular respiration?

Back

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. It is essential for the survival of most organisms.

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur.

Front

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Back

Autotrophs produce their own food from inorganic materials, while heterotrophs obtain their food by consuming other organisms.

Front

What is the function of ATP in cells?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes.

Front

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Back

Factors that affect enzyme activity include temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence of inhibitors or activators.