AP BIOLOGY MIDTERM REVIEW 2024

Front

What is the role of phospholipids in cell membrane dynamics?

Back

Phospholipids form a bilayer that provides fluidity and flexibility to the cell membrane, allowing for the movement of proteins and other molecules within the membrane.

Front

How does temperature affect membrane fluidity?

Back

Increased temperature increases membrane fluidity by making phospholipids more fluid, while decreased temperature decreases fluidity by making them more rigid.

Front

What is a lysosome and its function in eukaryotic cells?

Back

A lysosome is a specialized vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down old cell parts and food.

Front

What property of enzymes allows them to be reused?

Back

Enzymes are not altered by the reactions they catalyze, allowing them to be used repeatedly.

Front

What are peroxisomes and their role in cellular metabolism?

Back

Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances; dysfunction can lead to the accumulation of toxins.

Front

What distinguishes competitive inhibitors from non-competitive inhibitors?

Back

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to an allosteric site.

Front

How can you measure the effects of competitive and non-competitive inhibitors?

Back

Front

Define membrane fluidity.

Back

Membrane fluidity refers to the viscosity of the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane, affecting the movement of proteins and lipids within the membrane.

Front

What is the function of hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes?

Back

Hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes break down macromolecules, old cell parts, and foreign substances.

Front

Explain the significance of enzyme specificity.

Back

Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a specific reaction for a particular substrate, ensuring efficiency in metabolic processes.