AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.7*: Regulation of Cell Cycle

Front

What is the role of the M checkpoint in the cell cycle?

Back

The M checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle apparatus before the cell proceeds to anaphase, preventing nondisjunction.

Front

What happens to a cell that does not receive the go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint?

Back

The cell enters the G0 phase, a resting state where it is not actively preparing to divide.

Front

What are proto-oncogenes?

Back

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that can become oncogenes due to mutations, leading to uncontrolled cell division.

Front

What is the significance of the G1 checkpoint?

Back

The G1 checkpoint determines whether the cell has the necessary resources and conditions to proceed with division.

Front

What phase of the cell cycle does the G2 checkpoint occur?

Back

The G2 checkpoint occurs after DNA replication and before mitosis, ensuring that DNA is undamaged and fully replicated.

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Front

What is the function of tumor suppressor genes?

Back

Tumor suppressor genes help regulate cell division and prevent uncontrolled growth; mutations can lead to cancer.

Front

How do oncogenes contribute to cancer?

Back

Oncogenes promote excessive cell division and growth, leading to tumor formation when mutated.

Front

What is the difference between the G1 and G2 checkpoints?

Back

The G1 checkpoint assesses the cell's readiness to divide, while the G2 checkpoint checks for DNA damage and proper replication.

Front

What occurs during the metaphase of mitosis?

Back

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres.