Semester 1 Review '24

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What is a nitrogen base?

Back

A nitrogen base is a molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. In DNA, the nitrogen bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). They pair specifically (A with T, C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder.

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What is glucose?

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Glucose is a simple sugar and an important energy source in living organisms. It is produced during photosynthesis and is used by cells for energy.

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What is gene expression?

Back

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually proteins. This process allows cells to specialize and perform specific functions.

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What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence CGATCCATGA?

Back

The complementary DNA strand is GCTAGGTACA.

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What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, using energy in the form of ATP.

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What is passive transport?

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Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy, moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump?

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The sodium-potassium pump is a type of active transport that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the electrochemical gradient essential for cell function.

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What are the four main types of nitrogen bases in DNA?

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The four main types of nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What is photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll, converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA is structured as a double helix, consisting of two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, with nitrogen bases pairing in the center.