Mendelian Genetics

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What is Mendelian Genetics?

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Mendelian Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited through generations, based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel.

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What is a genotype?

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A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses (e.g., Bb, TT, tt).

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What is a phenotype?

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A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

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What does homozygous mean?

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Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., BB or bb).

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What does heterozygous mean?

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Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Bb).

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What are alleles?

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Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

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What is the law of segregation?

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The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

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What is the law of independent assortment?

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The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.

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What is a Punnett square?

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A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible combinations of alleles.

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What is a dominant trait?

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A dominant trait is one that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present (e.g., T in Tt).