AP Psychology Unit 2 Review: Cognition

Front

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:

Back

an algorithm.

Answer explanation

Searching every shelf in every aisle systematically is an example of using an algorithm, which is a step-by-step procedure to solve a problem. The other options do not represent this method of problem solving.

Front

A teacher asks students to think of as many uses for a brick as possible. By listing 50 uses, most of which the class finds new and unusual, Susan is displaying

Back

Divergent thinking

Answer explanation

Susan is displaying divergent thinking by generating a wide range of unique and creative uses for a brick, showcasing her ability to think outside the box and explore multiple possibilities.

Front

Ed’s failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

Back

Functional fixedness

Answer explanation

Ed's inability to see that sewing thread and a bent needle can serve as fishing tools illustrates functional fixedness, where he is stuck on the conventional uses of these items and fails to think creatively.

Front

Mia is preparing for her final exams in mathematics. Which type of test is designed to measure her knowledge of the subject? Achievement, Attitude, Aptitude, Projective

Back

Achievement

Answer explanation

An achievement test measures knowledge and skills in a specific subject, like mathematics. Mia's final exams assess her understanding of the material, making 'Achievement' the correct choice.

Front

If you watch a sequel to a movie, and have trouble remembering if a character was in the first movie, you are experiencing

Back

Retroactive Interference

Answer explanation

You are experiencing retroactive interference, where new information (the sequel) disrupts your ability to recall older information (the first movie), leading to confusion about the character's presence in the original.

Front

According to the serial position effect, you will remember more: items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.

Back

items at the beginning and end of a list, than in the middle.

Answer explanation

The serial position effect indicates that people tend to remember items at the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list better than those in the middle. Thus, the correct choice is items at the beginning and end.

Front

You are used to driving a car with a standard shift. Today you are driving a friend’s car that has an automatic transmission. As you drive, you keep trying to shift gears, but there is no shift. This tendency is most likely due to

Back

proactive interference.

Answer explanation

The tendency to try shifting gears in an automatic car is due to proactive interference, where prior knowledge of driving a manual car interferes with the ability to adapt to the automatic transmission.

Front

Attach meaning to info through “deep processing” to remember

Back

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer explanation

Elaborative Rehearsal involves attaching meaning to information, enhancing memory retention through deep processing. This contrasts with Maintenance Rehearsal, which focuses on rote memorization without deeper understanding.

Front

What type of forgetting is experienced during the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon when trying to remember someone's name?

Back

retrieval failure

Answer explanation

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is a classic example of retrieval failure, where the information is stored but cannot be accessed at the moment, despite feeling close to recalling it.

Front

The Multi-Store Model of memory includes all of the following, EXCEPT: short-term memory, long-term memory, working memory, sensory memory

Back

working memory

Answer explanation

The Multi-Store Model of memory includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Working memory, while related, is not part of this model, making it the correct answer.