Final Exam

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What is a multilayer perceptron classifier?

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A multilayer perceptron (MLP) is a type of artificial neural network that consists of multiple layers of nodes, where each node is a neuron that applies a nonlinear activation function to its input. MLPs are used for supervised learning tasks, such as classification and regression.

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What is one-hot encoding?

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One-hot encoding is a method of converting categorical variables into a binary matrix representation, where each category is represented by a binary vector. For example, if a variable has three categories (A, B, C), it would be represented as: A = [1, 0, 0], B = [0, 1, 0], C = [0, 0, 1].

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What is the purpose of recoding variables in machine learning?

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Recoding variables helps to reduce the number of unique values a categorical variable can take, making it easier to analyze and model the data. This is particularly useful for improving the performance of machine learning algorithms.

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What is a clustering task in machine learning?

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A clustering task involves grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (or cluster) are more similar to each other than to those in other groups. K-means is a common algorithm used for clustering.

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What is the K-means algorithm?

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K-means is a clustering algorithm that partitions data into K distinct clusters based on feature similarity. It works by initializing K centroids, assigning data points to the nearest centroid, and then updating the centroids based on the mean of the assigned points.

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What is regularization in machine learning?

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Regularization is a technique used to prevent overfitting in machine learning models by adding a penalty for larger coefficients in the model. It helps to improve the model's generalization to unseen data.

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What is Elastic Net regression?

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Elastic Net regression is a regularization technique that combines both Lasso and Ridge regression. It adds both L1 and L2 penalties to the loss function, allowing for variable selection and regularization.

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What is the mode in statistics?

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The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set. It is a measure of central tendency, alongside mean and median.

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What is the significance of customer job in data analysis?

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Customer job can be a significant categorical variable in data analysis, as it may influence purchasing behavior, preferences, and income levels. Recoding it into groups can simplify analysis.

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What is the difference between classification and regression tasks?

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Classification tasks involve predicting categorical outcomes (e.g., spam or not spam), while regression tasks involve predicting continuous outcomes (e.g., price of a house).