Living Environment Regents DRILL 1

Front

What are biological catalysts?

Back

Biological catalysts, also known as enzymes, are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being consumed in the process.

Front

What is diffusion?

Back

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the process by which cells move molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP) to do so.

Front

What does a pH of 9 indicate about a solution?

Back

A solution with a pH of 9 is considered a base, meaning it has a lower concentration of hydrogen ions compared to pure water.

Front

Why is oxygen important for brain cells?

Back

Oxygen is essential for brain cells because it is required for cellular respiration, which produces ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Front

What is the role of spider venom in capturing prey?

Back

Spider venom contains specific proteins that attack the cell membranes of prey, liquefying their insides for the spider to ingest.

Front

What factors influence the diffusion of substances into a cell?

Back

The concentration gradient is a key factor; substances diffuse into a cell more readily when their concentration is higher outside the cell than inside.

Front

What is the difference between acids and bases?

Back

Acids are substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) in solution, while bases release hydroxide ions (OH-) or accept H+ ions.

Front

What is the significance of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

How do enzymes function as biological catalysts?

Back

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction, allowing it to proceed more quickly and efficiently.