Front

What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors?

Back

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site, altering the enzyme's function.

Front

Describe the pathway of electrons in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Back

The pathway is: H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH.

Front

Which protein structure is unaffected by denaturation?

Back

The primary structure of a protein is unaffected by denaturation.

Front

What environmental conditions can cause denaturation of an enzyme?

Back

Extreme increases in temperature and changes in pH can cause denaturation of enzymes.

Front

What are the electron carriers for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Back

NADH and FADH2 are the electron carriers for the electron transport chain.

Front

Define denaturation in the context of proteins.

Back

Denaturation is the process where proteins lose their native structure due to external stress, such as heat or pH changes.

Front

What is the role of NADPH in photosynthesis?

Back

NADPH is used as a reducing agent in the Calvin cycle to help convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Front

Explain the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration.

Back

The electron transport chain transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

Front

What is the significance of the primary structure of proteins?

Back

The primary structure determines the unique sequence of amino acids, which ultimately dictates the protein's shape and function.

Front

How does temperature affect enzyme activity?

Back

Enzyme activity typically increases with temperature up to an optimal point, after which high temperatures can lead to denaturation.