DNA, Replication, and Protein Synthesis

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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What are the four bases of DNA?

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The four bases of DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

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What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

Back

Complementary base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA: Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).

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Where does DNA replication occur?

Back

DNA replication occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, resulting in the formation of mRNA.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

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What is a codon?

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A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is the function of tRNA?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

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What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

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DNA is double-stranded and contains Thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains Uracil instead of Thymine.