DNA Structure, Replication, Transcription, Translation

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What type of bond holds the nitrogenous bases together in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds.

Front

What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division.

Front

What is transcription in the context of DNA?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information encoded in mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

How many amino acids are coded by a sequence of 12 nucleotides?

Back

4 amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon?

Back

The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.