Cell structure and Theory

Front

What is the endomembrane system?

Back

A network of membranes within eukaryotic cells that includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles, involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of proteins and lipids.

Front

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest component of the endomembrane system, consisting of an extensive network of flattened sacs and tubules that synthesize proteins and lipids.

Front

What is the nuclear envelope?

Back

The double membrane that encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the cytoplasm and regulating the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus.

Front

Which type of cells were the first to evolve?

Back

Prokaryotic cells, which are simpler and lack a nucleus, evolved before eukaryotic cells.

Front

What is cytosol?

Back

The jelly-like fluid that fills the interior of all cells, providing a medium for biochemical reactions and supporting cell structures.

Front

What are ribosomes?

Back

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the role of lysosomes?

Back

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the Golgi apparatus?

Back

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Back

A selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Front

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells are smaller, simpler, lack a nucleus, and have no membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells are larger, more complex, and contain a nucleus and organelles.