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Ancient monarchical position or doctrine that justified monarchal power through the monarch's connection to the divine.

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Pharaoh

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A political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source.

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Divine Mandate/Mandate of Heaven

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Monarchs tied divinity and theology to the monarchical seat of power.

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Steward

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A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians.

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Ziggurat

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A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets.

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Cuneiform

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Founder and first emperor of the world's first official empire in ancient Mesopotamia from the 24th to 23rd centuries BCE.

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Sargon of Akkad

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The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and nomadic groups with simple tools.

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Paleolithic Era

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The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.

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Neolithic Revolution

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A type of civilization that developed near or around a major river and considered the earliest known large human civilizations.

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River Valley Civilizations

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A type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.

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Pastoralism