Unit 6 Test Retake: The Human Genome

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What is the ABO blood group system?

Back

The ABO blood group system is a classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of antigens (A and B) on the surface of red blood cells. There are four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O.

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What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic makeup of offspring from two parents. It shows all possible combinations of alleles from the parents.

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What is the probability of a child inheriting a recessive trait if both parents are carriers?

Back

If both parents are carriers (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance the child will inherit the recessive trait.

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What does X-linked recessive mean?

Back

X-linked recessive refers to a mode of inheritance where a gene causing a trait or disorder is located on the X chromosome. Males are more likely to be affected because they have only one X chromosome.

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What is hemophilia?

Back

Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, leading to excessive bleeding.

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What is androgenetic alopecia?

Back

Androgenetic alopecia is a common form of hair loss in both men and women, often referred to as male or female pattern baldness.

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What is a genotype?

Back

A genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present for a particular gene.

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What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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What is the significance of a pedigree chart?

Back

A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors, helping to trace inheritance patterns.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present, while recessive alleles are expressed only when two copies are present.