Cosmos Test Review (Galaxies, Life Cycle of a Star, H-R Diagram)

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What is an Irregular Galaxy?

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A type of galaxy that contains the most gas and dust, looks chaotic with billions of stars, and is considered one of the youngest types of galaxies.

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What is a Spiral Galaxy?

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A type of galaxy characterized by its spiral shape, containing arms that extend outward from the center, and often has a mix of young and old stars.

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What is an Elliptical Galaxy?

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A type of galaxy that has an oval shape, lacks significant gas and dust, and primarily contains older stars.

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What is the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram?

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A scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between their absolute magnitudes or luminosities versus their stellar classifications or effective temperatures.

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What does it mean if a star is 'dimmer and hotter' than another star?

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It means that the star has a lower brightness but a higher surface temperature compared to the other star.

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What shape does the Milky Way galaxy resemble?

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The Milky Way galaxy resembles a spiral shape, often depicted as a flat disk with a bulging center.

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What are the main components of a galaxy?

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Galaxies are primarily composed of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter.

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What is the life cycle of a star?

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The life cycle of a star includes stages such as nebula, main sequence, red giant, and supernova, leading to the formation of neutron stars or black holes.

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What is a Nebula?

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A nebula is a giant cloud of gas and dust in space, often the birthplace of stars.

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What is a Supernova?

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A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion that occurs at the end of a star's life cycle, often resulting in the formation of a neutron star or black hole.