AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Front

What disease is most likely caused by mutations in genes that regulate the cell cycle?

Back

Cancer

Front

In which phase does the cell spend most of its life?

Back

Interphase

Front

What is the role of secondary messengers in cell signaling?

Back

They activate or deactivate enzymes during the transduction step.

Front

What effect does blocking a secondary messenger have on cell signaling?

Back

It inhibits transduction, thus deactivating the response.

Front

What happens if protein phosphatases are defective?

Back

Cancerous cells would grow uncontrollably because the cell cycle cannot shut down.

Front

Define apoptosis.

Back

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death.

Front

What is the main purpose of the cell cycle?

Back

To ensure proper cell division and replication.

Front

What are the main phases of the cell cycle?

Back

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.

Front

What occurs during interphase?

Back

The cell grows, duplicates its DNA, and prepares for division.

Front

What is the significance of checkpoints in the cell cycle?

Back

Checkpoints ensure that the cell is ready to proceed to the next phase.