Cell Transport

Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, moving down the concentration gradient.

Diffusion is the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and potentially burst.

An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs solid particles, often referred to as 'cell eating'.

Pinocytosis is the process by which a cell engulfs liquid particles, often referred to as 'cell drinking'.

ATP provides the energy required for active transport to move substances against their concentration gradient.