AP Bio Fall Final Review 2

Front

What is the function of the LDL receptor?

Back

The LDL receptor is an integral membrane protein that facilitates the uptake of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol into cells.

Front

What type of amino acid side chains are found in the region of the LDL receptor that crosses the membrane?

Back

Hydrophobic side chains are found in the region of the LDL receptor that crosses the membrane.

Front

What is the hydrophobic region of the cell membrane?

Back

The hydrophobic region of the cell membrane is primarily composed of the fatty acid tails of phospholipids, which repel water and create a barrier.

Front

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that certain organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Front

What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA, supporting the idea that they originated from prokaryotic cells.

Front

Which organelles arose from endosymbiosis?

Back

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front

What is the role of the proton (H+) pump in the thylakoid during photosynthesis?

Back

The proton pump helps create a proton gradient that is essential for the synthesis of ATP during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Front

What molecule is produced during the light reaction of photosynthesis that requires the proton pump?

Back

ATP is produced during the light reaction of photosynthesis and requires the functioning of the proton pump.

Front

What is the significance of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

What are the components of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates.