5.2-5.4 Evolution Review

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What are homologous structures?

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Structures in different species that are similar due to shared ancestry, indicating evolutionary relationships.

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What are analogous structures?

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Structures in different species that serve similar functions but do not share a common ancestry.

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What are vestigial structures?

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Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution, such as the human appendix.

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What is embryology in the context of evolution?

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The study of embryos, which can show similarities between different species, indicating common ancestry.

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How do homologous structures provide evidence of evolution?

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They show that organisms with similar bone structures share a common ancestor.

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What does it mean if two species have similar traits due to adaptation?

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It means they have evolved similar characteristics in response to similar environmental pressures, despite not being closely related.

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What is the significance of common ancestors in evolution?

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Common ancestors indicate that different species have diverged from a shared lineage over time.

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How can embryonic similarities support the theory of evolution?

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Similarities in embryos suggest that different species may have evolved from a common ancestor.

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What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution?

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Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits, while divergent evolution occurs when related species become more different.

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What evidence do fossils provide for evolution?

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Fossils show the physical changes in species over time and can indicate how species have evolved.