Unit 3 - Rocks & Minerals Review

Front

Igneous rocks are also known as

Back

Extrusive, Intrusive

Answer explanation

Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten material. They are classified as extrusive when formed from lava on the surface and intrusive when formed from magma below the surface.

Front

Metamorphic Rocks are formed through the process of

Back

Heat and Pressure

Answer explanation

Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks undergo changes due to intense heat and pressure, altering their mineral composition and structure. This process distinguishes them from other rock types.

Front

Minerals can be classified through: Composition, Texture, Crystal Size; Texture, Grain Size, Composition; Luster, Hardness, Streak; Luster, Color, Composition.

Back

Luster, Hardness, Streak

Answer explanation

Minerals can be classified by their physical properties. Luster, hardness, and streak are key characteristics used to identify and categorize minerals, making them essential for classification.

Front

Most igneous rocks are formed by which process?

Back

Melting and Solidification

Answer explanation

Most igneous rocks are formed through the process of melting and solidification. Magma from the Earth's interior cools and solidifies to create these rocks, distinguishing them from sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

Front

The best evidence for determining cooling rate of an igneous rock during its solidification is provided by: the mineral composition, the crystal size of its minerals, the index fossils, faults in the rock.

Back

the crystal size of its minerals

Answer explanation

The crystal size of minerals in igneous rocks indicates the cooling rate; larger crystals form from slower cooling, while smaller crystals indicate rapid cooling. Thus, crystal size is the best evidence for solidification rates.

Front

The physical properties of minerals are determined by

Back

the internal arrangement of their atoms

Answer explanation

The physical properties of minerals, such as color and hardness, are influenced by the internal arrangement of their atoms. This atomic structure determines how minerals interact with light and other physical forces.

Front

This is a mineral property that shows how a mineral reflects light

Back

Luster

Answer explanation

Luster is the property of a mineral that describes how it reflects light. It is distinct from composition, fracture, and cleavage, which refer to different characteristics of minerals.

Front

What kind of rock is this?

Back

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Answer explanation

The rock is classified as Extrusive Igneous Rock because it forms from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface, resulting in a fine-grained texture. This distinguishes it from other rock types listed.

Front

This rock is most likely a

Back

Gneiss

Answer explanation

Gneiss is a metamorphic rock characterized by its banded appearance and foliation, formed under high temperature and pressure. The other options, like slate and basalt, have different formation processes and textures.

Front

The grouping of rocks as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is based primarily upon differences in

Back

origin

Answer explanation

The classification of rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is based on their origin. Igneous rocks form from cooled magma, sedimentary from accumulated sediments, and metamorphic from altered existing rocks.