AP Biology: Unit 2 Review (CED)

Front

What is endocytosis?

Back

Endocytosis is the process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment, often through mechanisms like phagocytosis (cell eating) or pinocytosis (cell drinking).

Front

What is exocytosis?

Back

Exocytosis is the process by which cells expel materials to the outside environment, involving the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Front

What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?

Back

Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis and processing, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi complex?

Back

The Golgi complex modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

Where does ATP synthesis occur in photosynthesis?

Back

ATP synthesis occurs in the grana/thylakoid membrane during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Front

What is a concentration gradient?

Back

A concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a substance across a space, which drives the movement of substances during diffusion.

Front

What is passive transport?

Back

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically along the concentration gradient.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input, often in the form of ATP.

Front

What role do lysosomes play in the cell?

Back

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.