Review #1 Enlightenment, French, and Latin American Revolutions

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The American Revolution and French Revolution were similar in that both

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were encouraged by Enlightenment ideas

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This philosopher separated the government into three branches of government and argued for separation of powers.

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Montesquieu

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Enlightenment thinkers contributed to changes in relationships between citizens and governments through their belief that

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Governments are instituted to protect citizens’ rights (social contract theory)

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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen includes several Enlightenment ideas. Which of the following is not one of the Enlightenment ideas incorporated into the document? Options: People are incapable of ruling themselves, Citizens should have a voice in government, Government should be limited, All citizens possess basic human rights

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People are incapable of ruling themselves

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Who makes up the Third Estate? Options: bourgeoisie, artisans, peasants, nobility, clergy

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bourgeoisie, artisans, peasants

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Why did members of the Third Estate take revolutionary action?

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had no rights or voice in government, paid more taxes than the other two estates

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John Locke believed that the government had an obligation to the people it governed to protect their natural rights. If the government failed to do this, then the people had the right to

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overthrow the government

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Which of the following is not an idea from the Enlightenment? Kings rule through divine right., People have natural rights., People have the freedom of speech and religion., Government should serve the people.

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Kings rule through divine right.

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The philosopher who believed that all people are born free and equal, with the rights to life, liberty, and property was

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Locke

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This was the period under Maximilian Robespierre when revolutionary courts were set up to prosecute enemies of the French Revolution.

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Reign of Terror