Earth Science Final Exam

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What is the water cycle?

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The water cycle is the continuous process by which water moves from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere and back, involving stages such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

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What is runoff in the water cycle?

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Runoff is the flow of water that occurs when excess rainwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the land and returns to bodies of water like rivers, lakes, and oceans.

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What causes El Niño?

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El Niño is caused by the warming of ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, particularly off the coast of South America.

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What are the effects of El Niño on weather patterns?

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El Niño can lead to increased rainfall in some regions, droughts in others, and can disrupt normal weather patterns globally.

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What happens during winter in relation to the sun's position?

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During winter, the area you live in tilts away from the sun, resulting in shorter days and cooler temperatures.

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What is a Full Moon?

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A Full Moon is a lunar phase that occurs when the Moon is fully illuminated by the Sun, appearing as a complete circle in the night sky.

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What is the Gulf Stream?

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The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows up the eastern coast of the United States, influencing climate and weather patterns.

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What is the significance of ocean currents?

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Ocean currents play a crucial role in regulating climate, distributing heat across the planet, and affecting marine ecosystems.

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What is the difference between weather and climate?

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Weather refers to the short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area, while climate is the long-term average of weather patterns over a significant period.

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What is condensation in the water cycle?

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Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air cools and changes back into liquid water, forming clouds.