Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins, involving ribosomes and transfer RNA (tRNA).

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the role of tRNA?

Back

tRNA transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the mRNA codons.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during translation.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

A stop codon is a nucleotide triplet within mRNA that signals the end of translation, indicating that the protein synthesis is complete.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is structured as a double helix, consisting of two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other.

Front

What are the four bases of DNA?

Back

The four bases of DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

Front

What base pairs with adenine in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into proteins.