AP Bio: Unit 4 (CED)

Front

What do second messengers do?

Back

Relay a message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

Front

Which graph represents the amount of DNA present in a normal cell throughout the cell cycle?

Back

Graph B.

Front

What is the primary function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Back

They allow the movement of molecules from one cell to another, enabling communication between cells.

Front

What are phosphorylation cascades used for?

Back

Amplification.

Front

What is direct contact communication in animal cells called?

Back

Gap Junctions.

Front

Define second messengers in cellular signaling.

Back

Molecules that relay signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What is the role of gap junctions in animal cells?

Back

They facilitate direct communication between adjacent cells.

Front

Explain the significance of amplification in signal transduction.

Back

Amplification allows a small signal to produce a large response, enhancing the effect of the signal.

Front

What is the difference between plasmodesmata and gap junctions?

Back

Plasmodesmata are found in plant cells and allow cytoplasmic connections, while gap junctions are found in animal cells and allow direct communication.

Front

What is the function of receptor proteins in cell signaling?

Back

They bind to signaling molecules and initiate a cellular response.