Honors Chem 1st Sem Review #3

Front

What determines if a molecule is polar or nonpolar?

Back

The shape of the molecule and the electronegativity of its atoms determine polarity. If the molecule has a symmetrical shape and the electronegativities are similar, it is nonpolar. If it has an asymmetrical shape or different electronegativities, it is polar.

Front

What are ionic compounds?

Back

Ionic compounds are formed when atoms transfer electrons, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. They typically have high melting points and conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Front

What is the significance of prefixes in naming compounds?

Back

Prefixes indicate the number of atoms of each element in a covalent compound. However, they are not used in naming ionic compounds.

Front

What type of bond is present in NaCl?

Back

NaCl has an ionic bond, formed by the transfer of an electron from sodium (Na) to chlorine (Cl), resulting in the attraction between the positively charged sodium ion and the negatively charged chloride ion.

Front

What is a covalent compound?

Back

A covalent compound is formed when two or more nonmetals share electrons. An example is carbon dioxide (CO2).

Front

How can you identify an ionic compound?

Back

Ionic compounds typically have high melting points, are crystalline in structure, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Front

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Back

Polar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared unequally between atoms with different electronegativities, while nonpolar covalent bonds occur when electrons are shared equally between atoms with similar electronegativities.

Front

What is the formula for carbon dioxide?

Back

The formula for carbon dioxide is CO2.

Front

What is the general rule for naming ionic compounds?

Back

Ionic compounds are named by stating the name of the cation (positive ion) followed by the name of the anion (negative ion), without using prefixes.

Front

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

Back

Ionic compounds form a crystalline lattice structure, where ions are arranged in a repeating pattern, maximizing the attraction between oppositely charged ions.