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What are genotypes?

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Genotypes are the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the combination of alleles (e.g., Aa, DD, Bb).

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What are phenotypes?

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Phenotypes are the observable traits or characteristics of an organism, which result from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-3

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What is an inherited trait?

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An inherited trait is a characteristic that is passed down from parents to offspring through genes, such as eye color.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What is an acquired trait?

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An acquired trait is a feature that an organism develops over its lifetime due to experiences or environmental influences, not inherited from parents.

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What is a chromosome?

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A chromosome is a threadlike structure located in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA; humans have 46 chromosomes (23 from each parent).

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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What is a dominant allele?

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A dominant allele is a version of a gene that can mask the effect of a recessive allele; represented by an uppercase letter.

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What is a recessive allele?

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A recessive allele is a version of a gene that only expresses its trait when two copies are present; represented by a lowercase letter.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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What is DNA?

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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

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What is variation in genetics?

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Variation refers to the differences in traits among individuals in a population, often due to genetic differences.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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What is a pedigree?

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A pedigree is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism from one generation to the next.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1