DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Quick Review

Front

What is the S phase of interphase?

Back

The S phase (Synthesis phase) is the part of interphase where DNA replication occurs, preparing the cell for division.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA during translation.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A frameshift mutation is a genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shift the reading frame of the genetic code.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Front

What are nucleotides made of?

Back

Nucleotides are made of three components: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.