Unit 4: Lesson 3 - Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cell organelles where protein synthesis occurs, translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is the start codon in mRNA?

Back

AUG, which codes for the amino acid Methionine.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

Front

What are amino acids?

Back

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein.

Front

What is the significance of the stop codon?

Back

Stop codons signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the ribosome should release the newly formed polypeptide.

Front

How many amino acids are coded by a sequence of 18 nucleotides?

Back

6 amino acids, as each amino acid is coded by a sequence of 3 nucleotides.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.