Groundwater

Groundwater is water that is found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand, and rock. It is a crucial source of fresh water.

An aquifer is a geological formation that can store and transmit water, allowing it to be extracted for use.

A confined aquifer is an aquifer that is trapped between two layers of impermeable rock or clay, which creates pressure and can lead to artesian wells.

An unconfined aquifer is an aquifer that is not overlain by an impermeable layer, allowing water to flow freely into and out of it.

The water table is the upper surface of the zone of saturation, where the soil or rock is fully saturated with water.

During heavy rainfall, the water table typically rises as more water infiltrates the ground.

An aquitard is a layer of rock or sediment that restricts the flow of groundwater, often made of clay or silt.

Groundwater is found underground, while surface water is found in rivers, lakes, and streams.

A spring is a natural source of groundwater that flows to the surface, often creating a stream or pool.

Groundwater is a vital resource for drinking water, irrigation, and industrial processes.