Intermolecular Forces Review

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like N, O, or F) experiences attraction to another electronegative atom.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in molecules due to the movement of electrons. They are present in all molecules, but are the only type of intermolecular force in nonpolar molecules.

Front

What is the relationship between boiling point and intermolecular forces?

Back

Generally, substances with stronger intermolecular forces have higher boiling points because more energy is required to overcome these forces during the phase change from liquid to gas.

Front

Which type of intermolecular force is present in HCl?

Back

HCl exhibits dipole-dipole interactions and London dispersion forces, but it does not exhibit hydrogen bonding.

Front

What is the significance of boiling point in determining intermolecular forces?

Back

The boiling point of a substance can indicate the strength of its intermolecular forces; higher boiling points suggest stronger intermolecular forces.

Front

How do size and mass affect London dispersion forces?

Back

Larger and heavier molecules have more electrons, which can lead to stronger London dispersion forces due to increased polarizability.

Front

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is generally considered the strongest type of intermolecular force, followed by dipole-dipole interactions and then London dispersion forces.

Front

Which molecule has the weakest intermolecular forces: HCl, NH3, or Br2?

Back

Br2 has the weakest intermolecular forces because it only exhibits London dispersion forces.

Front

What type of intermolecular forces does NH3 exhibit?

Back

NH3 exhibits hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces.