1st Semester AP BIO FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

Osmosis is a specific form of diffusion that involves the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What structures are found in prokaryotic cells?

Back

Prokaryotic cells contain ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis. They do not have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or a nuclear membrane.

Front

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

Back

The nucleus is a large organelle that houses the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities by regulating gene expression.

Front

What happens to a red blood cell in an isotonic solution?

Back

In an isotonic solution, a red blood cell will take up and release water at equal rates, maintaining its shape and volume.

Front

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site of an enzyme is the region that binds to substrates and determines the specificity of the enzyme based on its shape.

Front

Define diffusion.

Back

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

Front

What are ribosomes and their function?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they generate ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular processes.

Front

Explain the difference between active transport and passive transport.

Back

Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances along their concentration gradient.

Front

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

Back

A selectively permeable membrane allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others, maintaining the internal environment of the cell.