Biology EOC Review

Front

What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is made up of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What process is used to synthesize mRNA from DNA?

Back

Transcription is the process used to make mRNA from the DNA in the nucleus.

Front

What carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein?

Back

The sequence of nitrogen bases on the mRNA carries the instructions for making amino acids in a protein.

Front

What is crossing over in genetics?

Back

Crossing over is the process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis.

Front

What is the word equation for cellular respiration?

Back

The word equation for cellular respiration is: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into amino acid sequences.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the significance of mutations in DNA?

Back

Mutations can lead to changes in protein structure and function, potentially causing genetic disorders or variations.

Front

What is the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA sequences to assemble amino acids into proteins.