Punnett squares

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic makeup of offspring from two parents based on their alleles.

The letters represent alleles, which are different forms of a gene. Uppercase letters indicate dominant alleles, while lowercase letters indicate recessive alleles.

Homozygous means having two identical alleles for a trait (e.g., RR or rr), while heterozygous means having two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Rr).

It means the organism has two dominant alleles for a trait (e.g., RR).

It means the organism has two recessive alleles for a trait (e.g., rr).

The probability is 25%.

By filling in the Punnett square with the alleles from each parent and analyzing the resulting combinations.

The expected phenotypic ratio is 3:1, where 3 represent the dominant phenotype and 1 represents the recessive phenotype.

The expected genotypic ratio is 1:2:1, representing homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes.

An allele is a variant form of a gene that can produce different traits.