DNA Structure, Replication, Mitosis, Cell Differentiation

Front

Which molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?

Back

Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA and RNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is a chromosome?

Back

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.

Front

What is cell differentiation?

Back

The process of cells becoming specialized for specific functions.

Front

What enzyme unzips the DNA to prepare for replication?

Back

Helicase.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the function of the centromere?

Back

The centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined and where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Front

What is mitosis?

Back

Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Front

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Back

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.