Multi-Digit Addition and Subtraction

Multi-digit addition is the process of adding numbers that have more than one digit, aligning them by place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.) and adding each column from right to left.

Multi-digit subtraction is the process of subtracting numbers that have more than one digit, aligning them by place value and subtracting each column from right to left.

To add multi-digit numbers, align the numbers by their place values, start from the rightmost column, add the digits, carry over if necessary, and write the sum below.

To subtract multi-digit numbers, align the numbers by their place values, start from the rightmost column, subtract the digits, borrow from the next column if necessary, and write the difference below.

Carrying in addition is when the sum of a column exceeds 10, and you carry over the extra value to the next left column.

Borrowing in subtraction is when you need to subtract a larger digit from a smaller digit in a column, so you take 1 from the next left column to make it larger.

125 (7+4=11, carry 1; 1+8+7=16, write 5, carry 1)

23 (borrow 1 from 5, making it 4; 12-9=3, 4-2=2)

84,901

3,494