Honors Biology Midterm Review

Front

What is Chargaff’s base pair rule?

Back

In DNA, the amount of adenine (A) equals the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of cytosine (C) equals the amount of guanine (G).

Front

If a DNA sample contains 21% cytosine, what percentage of adenine does it contain?

Back

29% (because A = T and C = G, so if C = 21%, then G = 21%, and A + T = 100% - (C + G) = 100% - 42% = 58%, thus A = T = 29%).

Front

What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

Back

Cellular respiration, which produces ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Front

List the three main enzymes involved in DNA replication in order.

Back

1. Helicase - unzips the DNA; 2. Primase - tells polymerase where to start; 3. DNA Polymerase - adds new nucleotides; 4. Ligase - repairs fragments of DNA.

Front

What is osmosis?

Back

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

Is osmosis a type of passive transport?

Back

Yes, osmosis is a type of passive transport as it does not require energy.

Front

What are the three steps of aerobic cellular respiration?

Back

1. Glycolysis; 2. Krebs cycle; 3. Electron transport chain.

Front

What is the role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA Polymerase adds new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand.

Front

What is the function of Ligase in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase repairs and joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.

Front

What is the Krebs cycle?

Back

A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.